Economy References

#1
Energy in NZ 2021

Every year the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment publishes its Energy in New Zealand report.

The 2021 report (with information from the 2020 calendar year) outlines New Zealand’s primary energy supply for 2020, and what sources comprise the overall supply.

The balance page can be found on page 10 and 11 of the full report, available here.


#2
US, IEA

The International Energy Agency’s website holds information on the energy supply, consumption, and generation of almost all sovereign states.

The information for the United States can be found here.


#3
EU, IEA

The International Energy Agency’s website holds information on the energy supply, consumption, and generation of almost all sovereign states.

The information for the European Union can be found here.


#4
Australia, IEA

The International Energy Agency’s website holds information on the energy supply, consumption, and generation of almost all sovereign states.

The information for Australia can be found here.


#5
Tourism, satellite account, 2020

New Zealand’s tourism satellite accounts for each financial year are compiled each year by Stats NZ.

In this spreadsheet are the figures for major export earners such as international tourism, dairy exports, meat exports, and others. The figures for the twelve months to March 2020 are available on the website.

The website hosting the document is available here, or the spreadsheet itself here.


#6
Tourism, satellite account, 2020

New Zealand’s tourism satellite accounts for each financial year are compiled each year by Stats NZ.

In this spreadsheet are the figures for major export earners such as international tourism, dairy exports, meat exports, and others.

The figures for the twelve months to March 2020 are available on the website. The website hosting the document is available here, or the spreadsheet itself here.


#7
Coal spreadsheets, MBIE

The Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment updates statistics on coal use every three months and publishes it in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

To view the web page hosting this information, click here, or to download the spreadsheet directly, click here.


#8
Coal stats MBIE

In 2017, the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment published a series of factsheets on process heat in New Zealand.

Among other things, these sheets covered the energy supply for different parts of the New Zealand economy.

The factsheet on dairy manufacturing can be found here.


#9
Fonterra submission to CCC

During consultation on its draft advice, the Climate Change Commission received 15,000 submissions.

In Fonterra’s submission, the cooperative explained its energy profile, which showed coal is the largest source of energy for the dairy processor.

This information can be found on page 12 of Fonterra’s full submission, which can be found here.


#10
Fonterra submission to CCC

During consultation on its draft advice, the Climate Change Commission received 15,000 submissions.

In Fonterra’s submission, the cooperative explained its energy profile, which showed coal is the largest source of energy for the dairy processor, making up 39% of its energy supply.

This information can be found on page 12 of Fonterra’s full submission, which can be found here.


#11
Fonterra’s process heat submission

In early 2019 Fonterra submitted on a government consultation on reducing the use of fossil fuels in the industrial sector in New Zealand.

On page 7 of its submission, Fonterra highlighted the costs of electrifying its Edendale plant in Southland.

The full submission can be found here.


#12
Fonterra CCC submission

During consultation on its draft advice, the Climate Change Commission received 15,000 submissions.

In Fonterra’s submission, the cooperative explained, due to the costs of doing so, it has no plans to electrify any of its boilers

This information can be found at the top of page 11 of Fonterra’s full submission, which can be found here.


#13
MPI National Exotic Forest Description

The Ministry for Primary Industries each year publishes its National Exotic Forest Description report.

The figures that show the distribution and concentration of New Zealand’s exotic forestry blocks are found on pages 10 and 11 of the full report, available here.



#14
MBIE dairy factsheet

In 2017, the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment published a series of factsheets on process heat in New Zealand.

Among other things, these sheets covered the energy supply for different parts of the New Zealand economy.

The factsheet on dairy manufacturing can be found here.


#15
Major gas users group graph in source document

The Major Gas Users Group, as the name suggests, is a group representing major gas users.

In a submission to the government during consultation on reducing New Zealand’s fossil fuel use in the industrial sector, the group drew attention to forecasts for significant decline in gas production in the coming ten years.

The forecasts for declining gas production can be found on page 1 of the submission, available in full here.


#16
Tourism satellite account

New Zealand’s tourism satellite accounts for each financial year are compiled each year by Stats NZ.

In this spreadsheet are the figures for major export earners such as international tourism, dairy exports, meat exports, and others. The figures for the twelve months to March 2020 are available on the website.

The website hosting the document is available here, or the spreadsheet itself here.


#17
Red meat contribution to New Zealand’s economy

The Meat Industry Association and Beef and Lamb put together a report highlighting the contribution the red meat sector makes to New Zealand’s economy.

The executive summary on page 4 of the document shows the figures for employment and wealth generated by the red sector – the full document is available here.


#18
MBIE indoor meat and meat product manufacturing fact sheet

In 2017, the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment published a series of factsheets on process heat in New Zealand.

Among other things, these sheets covered the energy supply for different parts of the New Zealand economy.

The factsheet on meat product manufacturing can be found here.


#19
Coal balance sheet, MBIE

The Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment updates statistics on coal use every three months and publishes it in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

To view the web page hosting this information, click here, or to download the spreadsheet directly, click here.


#20
MIA submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In a submission to the government on the costs of removing coal and natural gas from industrial activity in New Zealand, the Meat Industry Association drew attention to the costs that would place on the meat industry.

The comments relating to conversion being an enormous challenge  for an industry facing significant  headwinds can be found on page 2 of the full submission, available here.


#21
MIA submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In a submission to the government on the costs of removing coal and natural gas from industrial activity in New Zealand, the Meat Industry Association drew attention to the costs that would place on the meat industry.

The comments relating to conversion being an enormous challenge for an industry facing significant  headwinds can be found on page 2 of the full submission, available here.


#22
ANZCO submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In a submission to the government on the costs of removing coal and natural gas from industrial activity in New Zealand, meat processor, ANZCO, explained the costs the company would face if it could no longer use coal.

The reference to $41.3 million in capital costs for electric boilers can be found on page 3 of the company’s submission, and reference to $9.5 million in power infrastructure upgrades on the same page.

The full submission is available here.


#23
ANZCO submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In a submission to the government on the costs of removing coal and natural gas from industrial activity in New Zealand, meat processor, ANZCO, explained the costs the company would face if it could no longer use coal.

The reference to the increased costs of energy can be found in answer to question 61 of the submission, on page 12.

The full submission is available here.


#24
Silver Fern Farms pledges to phase out coal by 2030

Silver Fern Farms, with government support, is planning to reduce its coal use significantly at two of its large South Island plants, Belfast and Finegand.

The news article on this announcement can be found here.


#25
The average new house requires 2.7 tonnes of steel

This estimate is sourced from a New Zealand government document from November 2019 called Responsibly delivering value, a minerals strategy aimed at outlining the natural resources New Zealand will need in the coming decades, particularly the next ten years.

On page 12 of the document it is stated the average new house contains about 2.7 tonnes of steel in the form of roofing and structural reinforcement.

The document can be found in full here.


#26
NZ Steel website

NZ Steel, New Zealand’s sole steel manufacturer, says on its website it produces about 650,000 tonnes of steel a year.

This information is available here.


#27
NZ Steel website

NZ Steel, New Zealand’s sole steel manufacturer, says on its website it has capacity to consume about 800,000 tonnes of coal a year.

This information is available here.


#28
NZ Steel submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In its submission to the government during consultation on removing coal and natural gas use from the industrial sector, NZ Steel highlighted the employment and other economic benefits of its New Zealand operation.

The information on employment and other benefits can be found on page 23 of the document.

The full submission can be found here.


#29
NZ Steel submission on accelerating renewable energy and energy efficiency

In its submission to the government during consultation on removing coal and natural gas use from the industrial sector, NZ Steel highlighted the employment and other economic benefits of its New Zealand operation.

The information on the economic benefits of purchasing domestically produced steel can be found on page 23 of the document.

The full submission can be found here.


#30
Quick fix for harbour bridge due to domestic steel supply

In a New Zealand Herald article on the impact of high electricity prices on the industrial sector, the chief executive of NZ Steel highlighted the benefits of having domestic steel production due to the speed at which steel can be produced and supplied to customers at short notice.

The full article is available here.


#31
No alternative to coal for making steel commercially

In its submission to the Ministry for the Environment on changes to the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, NZ Steel stressed on page 2 the need for coal in the steel making process due to lack of any alternative.

The submission can be found here.



#32
Closure of NZ business potential – ETS review document

In its submission to the Ministry for the Environment on changes to the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, NZ Steel stressed on page 3 that there are two options for the company if its operating costs continue to rise due to government policies, one of which is simply to close its New Zealand operations.

The submission can be found here.


#33
World Bank carbon pricing states and trends report

The World Bank each year publishes a report on the states and trends of carbon pricing around the world. On page 21 of the World Bank’s 2021 report it’s estimated about 21.5% of greenhouse gas emissions are covered by either a carbon tax or an emissions trading scheme.

The full report can be found here.


#34
IMF report on carbon pricing

An International Monetary Fund brief on carbon pricing, published in September 2021, stated the international average price for a tonne of CO2 emissions (or CO2e) was $3.00.

This brief can be found here.


#35
Fletcher NZ presentation

A Fletcher Building presenter report shows that the company’s subsidiary, Golden Bay Cement, has a market share for cement in New Zealand of about 60% – this figure can be found on page 60 of the presentation – available in full here.



#36
Golden Bay Cement import CO2% footprint stats

Golden Bay Cement estimates the product its competitors in the market supply, brought in from overseas, has a carbon footprint about 20% higher than its domestically produced cement.

This information can be found on Golden Bay Cement’s website here.


#37
Golden Bay Cement’s information on tyre-derived fuels

Golden Bay Cements use of shredded tyres to supplement its use of coal has allowed it to reduce the emissions intensity of its operations.

This information can be found on Golden Bay Cement’s website, available here.


#38
Electricity from renewables variability, MBIE spreadsheets

The Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment updates statistics on electricity generation every three months, and publishes it in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

To view the page on which this information is hosted, click here, or alternatively, directly download the spreadsheet by clicking here.


#39
Power cuts August 2021

The Electricity Authority issued a press release at the time of power cuts on the coldest night of the year in 2021 when New Zealand’s electricity sector faced unprecedented demand.

This statement can be found here.


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